Class: Silicates.
Formula: (Ca, Na, K) (Al, Fe, Mg, Mn) 3 (Al, Cr, Fe, V) 6 (OH) 4 (BO3) 3Si6O18,complex borosilicate of variable composition.
Hardness: 7-7.5.
Specific gravity: 3,02-3,36.
Color: pink, red, orange-brown, yellow, green, blue,red-purple, white, black, color.
Feature: white.
Related Minerals: Amethyst, andalusite, chrysoberyl, citrine, demantoid, giddenit, Peridot, praziolit, smoky quartz, ruby, emerald, vesuvianite,Zircon
The deposits are widespread and abundant. The most famous are in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mozambique (polychrome and red tourmaline), Brazil (states of Minas Gerais, Bahia), Burma, Angola, Australia, India, South Africa, Canada (Ontario), USA (California, Maine, Colorado), Italy (the island of Elba), Switzerland, Russia (Urals, Transbaikalia). In the Urals, the main field - Lipovka, Murzinka, Sarapulka, Shaytanka, Yuzhakov.
Jewelry tourmaline is known in Afghanistan (Nuristan) in deposits of Dara-Pietsch, Kanokan, Jaba, Chormaks, Kantiva, Mandanesha, Tsotsum, Mualevi, Papru.
The name of this mineral comes from the Sinhalese "tumblers", meaning "stone attracting ash". At first, not so much extraordinary beauty, as its amazing properties have attracted attention. Stone, like a magnet, attracted a warm wood ash, and therefore was called "Ceylon magnet."
Conducted the following experiment. Through the silk screen sprinkled on the heated mixture of tourmaline crystal powder, sulfur and red lead, and started the real magic: the sulfur sticking to one end of the crystal, and the red lead to another. The reason is that the friction of the silk thread sieve powder naelektrizovyvaetsya, and the negatively charged sulfur and red lead is positive. Tourmaline crystal from heating too naelektrizovyvaetsya, and thus formed at the ends of different electrical charges. In physics this phenomenon is called the pyroelectric effect. The use of tourmaline in the art based on the ability of its crystals naelektrizovyvatsya friction, pressure and heat.
The English scientist George Ruskin wrote that the formula tourmaline resembles a medical prescription, as 'decent' mineral. It consists of 25 chemical elements.
Tourmalines are found in all colors of the rainbow, and it is colorless - ahroit. Differently colored tourmalines in the jewelry market are trading names: rubellite - pink, red, crimson, indigolite - blue, bluish-black verdelite - green; schorl - black dravite - yellow.
The hardness of 7-7.5 tourmaline, shiny glass.
Products
Starting from the XVI century, and especially in the XVII-XVIII centuries, tourmalines in Russia, decorated with jewels, regalia and religious subjects of church utensils. In Moscow, the Kremlin Armory can be seen today panagia John the Baptist, which in the XII century was made by Byzantine goldsmiths and decorated it just tourmalines. Also stored there excellent examples of applied art of the XVI century, which is decorated with tourmaline. Among these memos salaries icons of Our Lady and St. Cyril Odigitrii, golden chalice, custom-built for Tsarina Irina Godunov. Tourmaline among other precious stones can be seen in the crown of Tsar Mikhail Romanov, Tsar and Ivan (XVII century). But among all the above stones stand out especially pink and raspberry tourmaline rubellite, which is made in the form of grapes, but is it a composition consisting of gold leaves, painted with green enamel, is spelled the same in the whole composition is bifurcated stem of white and black. But this gem has long been considered a ruby, and so he is known under the names "Ruby Caesar" or "Great Ruby." That he was one of the most famous historical gems of the Diamond Fund of Russia.
Medicinal properties
Aitoterapiya said tourmaline stone, a positive effect on the endocrine and nervous system, dispels fear. Curiously, the stone is considered a powerful tool in oncology.
Catherine Raphael recommends wearing green tourmaline when fatigue and exhaustion, as well as to tighten the breakdowns in the aura of excitement and after the negative influences. Of all the green stones in his most powerful anti-aging qualities. Creative individuals have a green tourmaline in order to bring inspiration. Pink Tourmaline eliminates the burden of accumulated resentments and other negative emotions. Black tourmaline, according to K. Raphael, does not absorb negative energy, and rejects it. Stone creates a protective shield, reflecting the adverse physical and psychological effects. Also neutralizes negative emotions - anger, resentment, jealousy, etc. Multi-color tourmaline, pink and green especially if it is put around the heart chakra or solar plexus, rejuvenates heart, creates a sense of humor for those who take life too seriously.
Avestan tradition holds tourmaline stone purely masculine, giving sexual energy, but is contraindicated for women, which he does insatiable.
Talismans and Amulets
Mystics of the XIX century saw red tourmaline - rubellite - a talisman of artists, giving creative power and recognition.
Dark red tourmaline - Siberia - helps to keep the love.
Purple Tourmaline - api-pum - eliminates the emotional breakdowns.
Green - verdelite - absorbs excess energy and cools the wild head, so it is preferable to carry people to 35 years. Green tourmaline, if it give a woman, make her docile wife. Verdelho, beautiful sunlight, as it pales in artificial. This property has allowed the Catholic Church to canonize verdelite and recommend it to be priests - in the light of the lamps is not annoying and does not distract the congregation.
Multicolor Tourmaline - red and green - Eliphas Levi calls the rock art and erotic impulses, preserving youth and vigor.
But the black tourmaline - schorl - called the stone of witches and evil spirits.
However, in the U.S. black tourmaline with an engraved on it chamomile, mounted in a cast-iron frame, according to the lucky mascot of merchants. Young people in the Nordic countries put fathers signet with the engraved stone to gain courage.
It is believed that any tourmaline helps to preserve wealth in the house, especially if the wealth is expressed in real estate, art and jewelry.
Boss tourmaline luck in his personal life. Suitable for housewives and people who have achieved a material well-being and peace of mind.
Promotes good ^ mood of people around the owner.
Compliance with the sign of the Zodiac:
Tourmaline advised to wear those born under the zodiac signs Leo, Capricorn and Sagittarius. |
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