Synonyms: Bristol rock.
Class: Silicates.
Formula: Al2F2SiO4, fluorine-containing aluminum silicate.
Hardness: 8.
Specific gravity: 3,49-3,6.
Color: white, golden, yellow, blue, pink, light green.
Feature: white.
Similar minerals apatite, aquamarine, beryl, brazilianit, chrysoberyl, citrine,tourmaline, and diamond.
The largest number of finds in topaz Ilmen mineralogical nature reserve in Russia (the Urals) is in granite pegmatite veins. In ilmenite found a large number of pegmatite veins, which are found in topaz. Famous throughout the world, especially prominent, and therefore successfully compete in the global steel market only five of the Ural gems among them topaz. With the opening of topaz fame began Ilmen mountains. In ilmenite topaz met not only colorless, but more valuable - blue. Here was the topaz weighing up to 30kg. Topaz are found in the Urals in four different formations, and for each characteristic of a certain color gems and crystals form. Colorless topaz is often in the form of large crystals that were mined extensively at the time of cavities druzovyh amazonite granite pegmatites Ilmenogorsky semiprecious belt, first discovered Cossack Prutovym at the beginning of the XIX century and are in private collections. Of them produced a few tons of transparent crystals. The largest crystals of topaz have a lot of up to 10 kg. The fragments were used mainly topaz crystals as jewelry materials. Blue and yellow topaz are characteristic of granite pegmatites veins topaz-beryl type druzovymi cavities in Murzinsko-Aduyskom semiprecious belt, bright blue - for in complex granite pegmatites, and finally, the crimson and pink topaz are found only in quartz veins near the eastern tectonic suture Kochkarskogo megantiklinoriya in the southern Urals. Summing up the overall outlook for the Ural topaz mineralization Fersman in 1925, wrote: "Russia can be proud of topaz, which in beauty of tone, purity of water and size of crystals occupy a special place among topaz around the world: the quality stands out among the Russian Topaz topaz all known fields, and the beauty of delicate blue topaz Murzinki, reddish-purple tone topaz Sanarki and heaters - all the pride of Russian gems. "
Topaz weighing 5.8 tons is found in Brazil, in the province of Minas Zherayzh. A large number of wine-yellow, and blue topaz are found in the Volyn deposit (Ukraine) - 1965 in one of the mines discovered the wine-yellow topaz crystal weighing 117 kg. In the mountains of Sri Lanka in ancient times were found deposits of topaz gemstones.
The best examples of transparency and luster similar to a drop of morning dew, illuminated by the sun. Purity and the unique interplay of light inside the rock is not inferior to the diamond, especially if it is well faceted.
Pliny the Elder wrote that the name of the stone is associated with an island in the Red Sea Topazion. "Topazion" in Greek means "search" - the island was often closed by fog. There is another assumption that the name comes from the mineral Sanskrit "tapas" - "fire."
In the XVIII century. colored topaz discovered in the Urals and Siberia (Baikal) to the cleanness of water, density and diversity of color stand out favorably topaz in the world. For a long time they were called "Siberian diamond." Another name topaz - "tumpaz." For the high density of topaz Ural mountain master called him a "heavyweight".
Products
The world's largest gem-quality topaz crystal display in 1976 in Vienna. Its mass is 117 kg, the color yellow. In 1986, Brazil has found a colorless topaz crystal size 2x1, 8 m and weighing 5.8 tons.
Large gem quality topaz magnificent discovered in Ukraine. Recently found a piece of a giant crystal blue color with a wine-yellow fringe. If we imagine the original shape dorisovat, the mass of his would have to be about 200 kg.
Widely known for large, clean water, stone, "Braganza", included among the Portuguese crown jewels. It weighs 1680 carats. For a long time, "Braganza" ranked as the giant diamond, and only recently found out that this is a topaz.
In the Museum "Green Vault" in Dresden exhibits, which deserves mention. It is a sign of the Order of the "Golden Fleece". This symbol of knightly virtues, and is now considered to be the most prestigious Catholic Europe. The main decoration of the Order are beautiful purple topaz. Why Topaz? According to BS Vladimir, thanks to those properties that are ascribed to topaz and, of course, bestowed upon the fate of its owner - this loyalty, generosity, courage, and willingness to help. Order "Golden Fleece" was established by Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy, who, wishing to enlist the support of the aristocrats of disparate provinces of the Order of the honored and life left his knights. In this case they had to remain faithful to the Catholic Church, they are not complicit in treason, not to violate marital fidelity and not sully itself shameful flight from the battlefield.
Now the number of holders of the Order "Golden Fleece" and, therefore, the holders of outstanding purple topaz, more than sixty. Badge of the Order is kept in the Diamond Fund of Russia.
Medicinal properties
One of the most famous Catholic saints, topaz Gildegarda applied for the treatment of eye diseases. To do this, the stones were placed for three days and three nights in the wine, and then superimposed on the eyeballs and drank wine for five sick days.
Known reports of treatment of plague topaz. A Roman physician XV century. was famous for healing the sick touch to plague bubo topaz belonging to two Holy Popes - Clement VI and Gregory P.
Worn around the neck in silver, topaz makes asthma attacks, heal chronic bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Cleanse the liver, aggravates taste.
Talismans and Amulets
Belief in the magical power of this stone has survived the millennium. In Assyria, Babylon and Egypt, topaz was a symbol of one of the signs of the zodiac - Scorpio. It was believed that wearing topaz cure fatal and violent passions, and protects against the dangers is the state of inner peace and enjoyment of life.
Topaz has long been considered a "stone court". The owner of the stone could count on the goodwill of the powerful and become rich.
It was believed that topaz owners are honest, decent, generous. According to Albert the Great, protects against false topaz, reconciles fallen out, gives women the beauty and wisdom of men, cures madness. Topaz depicting a falcon guard chastity, and provides the owner of a general sympathy.
Stone makes an optimistic outlook on life, strengthens intuition. It helps in making transactions, since it allows its owner to understand the intentions of the business partner. Draws attention to all sorts of signs and omens, but if the owner does not attach importance to these tips, it can expect trouble. It is therefore recommended to carry people who can analyze his actions.
Some people rock, taken on a trip, is able to attract disaster. Wear topaz constantly is not recommended as a means of stone can not only affect other people, but most fall under his influence: diminished feelings of fear, instinct, committed senseless risky behavior.
The beneficial effects of the magic topaz, according Elif-sa Levy is particularly true for those born in November. To those who are born in May, topaz opposite effect, raising them in anger, and luxuriant imagination.
Compliance with signs of the Zodiac
Jewelry with topaz are advised to wear those born under the zodiac sign Scorpio. Planet topaz is the sun. |
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