Synonyms: emerald.
Class: Silicates.
Formula: Al2Be3Si6O18, berillosilikat aluminum.
Hardness: 7.5-8.
Specific gravity: 2,67-2,78.
Colour: green with bluish tones.
Feature: white.
Similar minerals demantoid, diopside, dioptase, grossular, giddenit, peridot,green tourmaline, uvarovite
The main deposits of emerald jewelry are Muso (Colombia), Transvaal (South Africa) and in the Urals (Malysheva mine).
Good emeralds are rare, they are in the valley of the Tunja (deposit was discovered in 1555) in Colombia, in the mines Muso (known since 1537) in New Granada, on the Red Sea coast near Kosseira in Egypt, in the mountains Zabara (this field, according to the hieroglyphic monuments found there, has been developed as early as 1650 BC. e..)
Emeralds are of lower quality in Habahtale, Salzburg, Ireland (Mourne-Mountains), in Norway (Mezen lake) and in several other areas. In Russia, the emeralds are found in the river currents in the 90 km north-east of Yekaterinburg, in a black mica schist, the famous "Emerald Mines" (p at the source. Bol. Reft) are famous for their unique size crystals of emerald, alexandrite, and as well as phenacite. In addition to these primary deposits, where emeralds are found growing into carbonaceous limestone and mica schist, specify another placer deposit near the town of Ava in Myanmar, where beryl is in river sands.
Deposits near Aswan, 50-60 km from the Red Sea coast, which gave many fine emeralds, developed by the Pharaoh Sesostris still III about 37 centuries ago. In the solid shale slaves miners laid mines the depth of 200 meters, they both could be 300-400 people. It was believed that an emerald is afraid of light, and therefore work in complete darkness. On the surface, splitting the rock izumrudsoderzhaschuyu into pieces and smeared with olive oil, which helped to differentiate and select the precious crystals, that the ancient Greeks and Romans called "stones of green lights."
In India, believe that the emerald is associated with the spirit world, and its glittering facets recorded past and future. In this regard, to recall the so-called "Emerald Tablet" - a stone table, found in Egypt in the tomb of Hermes-Thoth It recorded ten laws of the universe.
This wonderful green stone has always been a serious competitor for the diamond. Some densely colored transparent faceted emeralds in the world market valued at times more expensive than an equal weight of diamonds to them. The price of emeralds can be up to $ 5,000 per carat.
The Persians called this stone "zummurundi," that is green. Hence the Arabic "Sem-meryud" Spanish "esmeral, yes," the Greek "smaragdos." In Russia, it has long been known as emerald, and then an emerald.
"The third advantage between precious stones and pearls after diamond emerald is set for many reasons. No color, which would be pleasant to the eye. For we are happy to watch as the green grass and foliage, wood, and the emerald the more readily that, in comparison with no green thing is not greener ... Their shining they spread far and how to paint around the air. They do not peremenyayutsya neither the sun nor in the shade or under lamps and always excellent, always brilliant, and judging by their thickness, have a smooth transparency ... "- Pliny the Elder wrote.
Emerald - One of the first gemstones known to man. In ancient Egypt it was a symbol of the beauty of nature and quarried thirty-seven centuries ago, when Pharaoh Sezo-strise. In the mines at a depth of 200 m were both slaves 300-400. It was believed that an emerald is afraid of light, and therefore work in complete darkness. Many emeralds produced during the reign of Cleopatra, and called themselves the development of mines of Cleopatra. Approximate a sign of special benevolence of Cleopatra was giving his image carved in emerald.
According to historians, the wife of Roman Emperor Caligula putting on the emerald and pearl jewelry worth 10 million sesterces, which corresponded to 40 tons at the price of silver.
Products
For centuries, stories and legends passed on some emeralds. In one of the Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka kept the statuette of Buddha, carved from a monolithic crystal vosmisantimetrovogo emerald clear water. The Museum of Natural History in New York shows great emerald, "Patricia" weighing 632 carats. The museum has acquired Emerald in 60 thousand dollars, as a prospector who found the emerald on one of the Colombian mines, has received a reward only a few tens of dollars.
One of the largest jewelry emerald world is called a female name "Emily." He is in room-safe Gold Museum in Bogota. Weight "Emily" 1795 carats, and the price can be calculated: one-carat stone is a unique four thousand dollars.
In the Kremlin Armory exhibited many of the Gospels and the icons in the semi-precious salary. In the icon of the Vladimir Mother of God of sapphires and rubies are distinguished by stunning beauty and value of emeralds weighing 100 carats and 75.
Colombian emeralds are worthy contenders in the middle of the XIX century. Ural Steel emeralds. Many are interested in gems remember essay Fersman "Emerald Kokovina" - a detective story involving one of the world's largest emerald crystal found in the Urals. This stone of exceptional beauty weighed 2226 g, with individual pieces of dark-green crystal length of 20 cm and 15 cm wide were completely transparent.
Jacob V. Kokovin thirty years of his life devoted to rock. He was a wonderful stone carvers, the commander of the Ekaterinburg lapidary factory and did much to develop mining in Russia. In 1831, after the accidental discovery of individual farmer in the Urals emerald crystals found one of the world's largest oil fields. Rumors of a unique finds emeralds came to the royal court. 30 specimens of emerald, "including one in the family of the best advantages, very grass-colored and almost surpassing dignity of emerald in the crown of the former Julius Caesar" were sent to the court. According to one version, the stones were to Perovski Chamberlain, who, to take possession of them, wrote a denunciation Kokovina. The military tribunal stripped Kokovina orders, nobility titles and banished to perpetual exile in Siberia. Knowing that he faces, Kokovin hanged himself in his cell. This sealed the fate of the stone. He "accidentally" left in office Perovskii. And for more than a hundred years Kokovina lay stamp thief.
Many years have passed, and a collection of stones was purchased by Prince Perovskii PA Kochubey - both Ukrainian landowner, a collector and connoisseur of gems. Collection of stones, where the emerald was ranked first, Kochubey moved into his family estate in Poltava, in Dikanka, praised by N. Gogol in his "night ..." and Pushkin in "Poltava". During the 1905 revolution, the house was burnt down by rebels landowner peasants. Many stones were found later. Under the tree in the prince's garden was dug up and emerald. Son smuggled Kochubey collection of stones in Vienna and began to negotiate its sale in Europe and America.
Medicinal properties
The writings of the physician and scientist in the XV. Amirdovlada Amasiatsi given following an exhaustive description of an emerald: "It is a green stone. Its nature is cold and dry and has a drying properties. If you hang it on the neck of a patient falling, it will help. And if you type in the eye, enhance and clean up walleyes. It helps with hemoptysis, when crushed and drink or keep to yourself. But the woman who wears it on his hand, will have little daughters and sons. If a woman hangs around his neck, it will be free from hysteria. It helps with all kinds of diseases of stomach and stops the bleeding. And if a man and a woman before conception drink powder of the stone, the woman becomes pregnant. It helps in the administration of poisons, leprosy and vitiligo, if you carry it with you. And it helps with burns with fire and boiling water. But it is harmful to the bladder. Its action removes harmful musk. A substitute is coral. If you hang it on the neck of a child after birth, he is not ill with leprosy and epilepsy ...».
It is believed that an emerald can prevent food poisoning toxins, and protects against attacks on human sleep.
Talismans and Amulets
On an emerald and its origin is composed of many legends.
In the famous story AIKuprin "Shulamith" is the following lines: "It's an emerald ring with the carrier you ever ... Emerald - a favorite stone of Solomon, king of Israel. It is green, clean, cheerful and gentle as spring grass, and when you look at it a long time, lightens the heart, and if look at him in the morning, the whole day will be easier for you. You have a bed on the night I'll hang emerald, my fair one, -
let it drives away from you bad dreams, utishaet heartbeat, and removes the black thoughts. Who wears emerald, to not approach snakes and scorpions. Smaragd bites of poisonous reptiles heals. "
AIKuprin in a letter to his friend, wrote: "Now open up the Bible, Pylyaeve, because writing is not the historical poem, not the legend of Solomon's love for Sulami-fi." Book MI Pylyaeva "Precious stones, their properties, location and use" in its time was very popular.
According to the old Russian tradition, the emerald - the stone of wisdom, composure, and hope he sharpens the mind, enlivens the wits, drives away melancholy, save us from the fever, leprosy and epilepsy, contributes to longevity and help predict the future. In ancient times, prepared a tincture of emeralds - "elixir of youth."
In Egypt, the emerald stone was called the goddess Isis. Its recommended that girls as keeping the chastity. Lovers exchanged rings with emeralds, which was a pledge of allegiance.
Emerald is considered a talisman and mothers most often inherited.Pregnant woman wearing it from the evil eye, and then placed in a cradle for the newborn.
Helps a person to clean, not corrupt passions. Deceitful and dishonest brings misfortune. Gives the owner of eloquence, if you wear it on his little finger, the finger of god Mercury.
Ibn Sina claimed that any person can protect themselves from evil eye. To do so, his thoughts must be pure and chaste behavior and merciful. If the person is weak in spirit, can not cope with "the demon within himself," then there to help him can come mighty green crystal
This feature of the emerald used by many saints who are known to be improved for life. For example, Thomas Aquinas, known for his asceticism, except pittance of bread, he wore his knapsack in a small raw izumrudik. With it, he defended himself against evil spirits and was looking for dark spots in their pure thoughts. This stone was the only property of which did not give Thomas Aquinas.
When your eyes get tired, gives the contemplation of emerald eyes rest. Pliny the Elder wrote about an emerald "Of all the other gems that only feeds the eye with no satiety." The impact of green creates a feeling of security, peace and balance, freshness, coolness, contributes to the concentration of thought.
Not surprisingly, we feel so good in nature, in the woods. Often, green sunglasses are climbers. These glasses not only save your eyes from burns, but also help to find peace of mind.
Clairvoyants see painted in emerald green aura of harmonious people, tactful, respectful of other opinions. In the aura green colors painted people with worldly wisdom and experience accumulated.
This stone strengthens the inner sensitivity, and therefore so fond of women, actors and people of other artists.
Emerald - mascot sailors. It is also called the stone of captains. He Calms the storm makes travel safer.
Compliance with the sign of the Zodiac:
In addition to Rakov, Emerald is well suited to Pisces.
It is not recommended to wear jewelry with emeralds Scorpio
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