Synonyms: gem, tears, sea nymphs.
Class: organic matter.
Hardness: 3-4.
Specific gravity: 2,6-2,78.
Color: white, yellow, silver, cream, gold, green,blue, gray, black.
Feature: white
Extraction of sea pearls is mainly in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, as well as off the coast of Sri Lanka and Japan, where it is mined divers ama. Freshwater pearls are produced in Germany, Russia, China and North America.
At all times he was a symbol of purity and innocence. He was appreciated for the subtle play of color and a mysterious inner light. Among the gems he is perhaps the most feminine, most unsolved, keeping some sort of universal silence, peace and eternal wisdom.
For a long time, nature pearls, was unknown. Maybe that's why the secret of his birth the man clothed in poetic form of stories, legends, and even amusing fictions.
According to one old Indian legends, pearl - is caught in the sink and frozen in her drop of rain. Writes about this ancient poet Kalidasa India. When the first drops of rain hit with a crash on the sea surface, depths of the blue pearl slowly rise - clams, which are formed in the mantle of a pearl. They show their pearly wings and caught just one raindrop, and then slowly sink to the bottom. There in the dark depths of the sea and turned into an incomparable pearl drop.
Residents of the Russian North has long been known that the pearls to be found in those rivers where the fish comes to the royal - salmon. This gave rise to the legend that the pearl is born in the gills of salmon. A few years swimming in the sea, salmon carries a pearl spark, and when returned to the river, in a warm sunny day is at the bottom of the shell and disclosed in the most beautiful of them carefully down pearl star, from which later grows a pearl.
One of the most beautiful legends invented by Filipinos, which is extracted pearls since time immemorial. "When the sun rose over the sea, its rays hit the open valves of shells, and each of them formed by a pearl. Shells were placed on top of the reef, and anyone could reach them easily. But soon the people was overcome greed, tribal leaders because of the pearls quarreled among themselves. Since then, the pearl away from reefs in the sea, and now we need them to dive very deep. "
But the medieval Baghdad scholar Nasr ibn Jakub mineralogist-id Dinavari wrote about a special breed of elephants - "Jasmine-scented," on his forehead which hide the yellow gem.
Who is closer to the truth? Try to understand how a pearl is born. Knowing German is not difficult to translate "pearl" - "mother of pearl." So it is. Pearl layer lines the inside of the shells of most bivalves. This layer is in a cut like masonry and consists of a layer these areas using each other microcrystals of calcium carbonate aragonite cemented foil material conchiolin thickness of about 1 micron.
Education pearl mussels - the process of abnormal. Healthy and attacked enemies clam pearls does not. The pearl is formed as a result of accidental exposure in the mantle of the mollusk extraneous matter: sand, shell fragments, parasitic mites. Molluscum is very sensitive to "the uninvited stranger," and immediately begins to envelop his film nacre.
Products.
Pearl is known to people in ancient times. It was mentioned in ancient Indian epics, "Rig Veda" and the Old Testament of the Bible (in particular, the texts attributed to King Solomon). For two thousand years BC the Chinese were paying tribute to Pearl. In the Persian Gallery of the Louvre is stored oldest, consisting of three threads pearl necklace. Pearl was known to the Incas and other tribes of South America.
Price pearl depends on its size and color. More expensive prized pearls, having juicy shades.
To assess the pearl uses seven evaluation criteria.
Color.
Determined visually under a fluorescent light or in daylight. Background of the substrate used white or very light gray. Color pearl depends on the mollusk in which she grew up and from the environment (temperature and salinity).
Shine.
The more the shine, the more valuable the pearl. Gloss is determined by how well the light is reflected from the surface of a pearl. He also depends on the season - in the winter layers of nacre the most subtle and dense, and in summer - more layers thick (unconsolidated) with less shine.
The thickness of the nacre.
Used to evaluate pearls grown nuclear means. The thickness depends on the time of cultivation of pearls and the health of shellfish, as well as the water temperature. To define it, you can use the method of direct measurement (magnifying glass with a scale) or the indirect method - the method of glare: glare kernel has a pearl and they shine through a thin layer of nacre, and a goodly pearls do not shine.
Form.
The shape of pearls is different. Is an ideal spherical shape. Pearl is a pear, oval, Button sewing form. May be amorphous, which is called "baroque." The shape is determined visually, the pearl is rolled on an inclined surface, if it rolls straight, the shape is spherical, if deflected to the side - not spherical.
Clean the surface.
Determined visually, with no increase (without loops) are looking to see how the defects. The defects are usually of three kinds: the depression lifts (lumps, nodules) and conchiolin spots, sometimes it is deposited unevenly, with small patches of gloss and other colors.
Clean the surface is determined by the aggregate over the entire surface of a pearl.
Size.
The larger size, the more expensive the pearl. The size depends on the type of mollusk, in which grew a pearl.
The largest sea pearl weighed 6.370 kilograms. She caught May 7, 1934.
Medicinal properties:
On the medical action of pearls mentioned in the famous "Canon" of Avicenna and the writings of the ancient Arab physicians. There is a perception that products made of pearls can help with kidney, liver, digestive system and are beneficial to humans with hypertension. It is no accident at the famous monument of Tibetan Medicine "Chzhud-shek" indicates that the pearl helps with nerve disorders, memory loss and nervous weakness.
In medicinal purposes is also used so-called "bubble water", which during the night were several gems. In the morning this water you can drink. It is believed that it helps with bleeding gums and hemorrhoids, it is useful in the treatment of conjunctivitis, can beneficially affect liver diseases and cholelithiasis. Pearl water has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and krovevostanavlivayuschim effects. Litoterapevty believe that it can normalize the menstrual cycle.
In China, the Taoists believed pearls frozen feminine Yin, the elixir of youth, prolonging life. So far in Mongolia and China believe that the amulet with pearls lies the miraculous healing power to help in the treatment of cataracts and other eye diseases.
It is believed that the pearl loses its original luster, reports of possible illness of the owner. Specific reasons for this are, for the beauty of pearls, fades with time, and it often brings a variety of ailments in old age. In addition, the change in the spectrum of chemical substances secreted by the skin, which can react and pearls, is really an indicator of certain diseases.
Pearl removes heat treating inflammation, acute hepatitis, aids in epilepsy, fractures and bone diseases, fevers, infections, diabetes, sepsis, eczema, asthma, diseases of the uterus. Cures diseases of liver, kidney, bladder and urinary tract, and promotes the discharge of resorption of kidney stones, helps in curing diabetes, curing melancholy. Pearl is useful when the tendency to allergic reactions. Stabilizes it, and the nervous system
Talismans and Amulets:
As a talisman pearl helps its owner to establish close relationships with other people, tames his pride, take down, gets rid of vanity. Business people he helps make the right choice, makes it possible to achieve maximum benefit in any transaction, provides a way to escape.
Pearl is considered a powerful talisman against any danger, and the finely milled is a key component of India's love potions. In cosmetics, pearl powder and added to creams for the face, improving the quality and shine of the skin.
Compliance with the sign of the Zodiac:
Aquarius, Aries, Gemini, Cancer, Pisces.
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